Test Results

51 Correct
50/50

Test part 2

48.  Henry the Navigator

49.  Christopher Columbus

50.  Colombian Exchange

51.  Religion

52.  Mercantilism

53.  Joint-stock company

54.  Catholicism

55.  False

56. 

57.  East India Trading Company

58.  no

59.  Johann Sebastian Bach

60.  Middle class

61.  House of Commons

62.  Anglican

63.  Stuart

64.  Presbyterian

65.  1603-1625

66.  Divine Right of Kings

67.  Puritan

68.  Petition of Rights

69.  William Laud

70.  Scotland

71.  Cavaliers

72.  Roundheads

73.  Oliver Cromwell

74. 

75.  Lord Protector

76.  Puritans

77.  Thomas Wentworth

78. 

79.  Thomas Hobbes

Test

1. Martin Luther
2. 95 Theses
3. Habsburg
4. Versailles Chapel
5. Freebie: October 31, 1517
6. faith
7. the Bible
8. Catholic Hierarchy
9. the king
10. true
11. German nobility
12. Anglican
13. Catholicism
14. Peace of Augsburg
15. Luther was a religious revolutionary because he helped spark the Protestant Reformation with his 95 Theses.
16. Luther was a political conservative because he believed that people should follow their king even if he was unjust.
17. John Calvin
18. London, England
19. freebie: Luther
20. Huguenots
21. Henry VIII
22. Elizabeth I
23. Anabaptists
24. Pope Julius I
25. Council of Trent
26. False
27. Jerusalem Bible
28. Loyola
29. help the poor
30. 16th Century
31. Michelangelo
32. Phillip
33. Spanish Armada
34. St. Batholomew's Day Massacre
35. Edict of Nantes
36. 300
37. Peace of Augsburg
38. Protestant Union
39. Catholic League
40. Catholic
41. Catholic
42. Catholic League: Ferdinand II; Protestant Union: Frederick II
43. Gustavus Adolphus
44. Peace of Westphalia
45. Alsace
46. Germany
47. France
48. 
    

Stuart England Notes

1. Puritans
• Declared war against any signs of Romanism in the Church
• People who didn't believe the same thing had their ears cut off.
2. The British Wars began in 1637
3. Parliament gathered again by James I of England
• Lasted only 3 weeks
4. Thomas Wentworth
• Earl of Stratford
• He was beheaded
• Charles was forced to abandon Thomas and allow this to happen
5. British Civil War
• Parliament was defeated
6. In 1643 an alliance was created between Parliament and the Scots
7. Charles was incapable of being a constitutional king
8. Oliver Cromwell
• 1644-1645 made a new kind of army
• Used discipline in exchange for food and supplies
• Oliver decided that king would have to die in order for the country to heal
• The trial and execution of Charles I creates modern Britain
9.  James I comes from Scotland and becomes King after Queen Elizabeth I (1603)
• A believer in the divine right of kings
• Power came directly from God
• Fought with Parliament: particularly puritan members
• Preferred the hierarchy of bishops in the Anglican church
• When he dies his son becomes king Charles I (1625)
10. Charles I
• Against Puritans
• In 1628, signs the Petition of Rights in return for money
• No one should be compelled to pay a tax or loan that is not approved by Parliament
• No one can be put into prison without the due process of law
11. Religion in the 17th century was an essential issue
• William Laud wants to turn the Church of England into a Catholic Church that doesn't follow the Pope
• The Puritans want no hierarchy or hints of Catholicism
12. In 1639, Laud tries to impose the English book of prayer onto the Scottish Presbyterians
• Caused the Prayer Book Riot
• The Scots determined that no Englishman was going to tell them what to do so they put together an army and occupied southern England
• Charles needed to raise money for this war
13. 1640-1648 Long Parliament
• Charles recalls Parliament back into session
• Causes a constitutional and religious crisis
• Parliament goes out of its way to try to undermine what they see as tyranny under Charles I
• They execute William Laud and create laws limiting the power of the King
14. The Puritans declared war against signs of Romanism in the church. 
15. Nobody noticed that Charles was married to a Catholic.
16.  William Laud was made archbishop of Canterbury in 1633. 
17. Laud was presenting his program as an order
18. If people tried to defy him, then they had to suffer the consequences. 
19. By the mid 1630's Charles could see no obstacle in his way of making the 3 kingdoms in harmony. 
20. Charles was Scottish. 
21. Charles had become Scotland's very first absentee king and there would be a price to pay. 
22. He believed that if one kingdom had bent to his will then the others would as well. 
23. The British wars began on July 23, 1637 in Edinburgh. 
24. People were angry with the prayer book that Charles had introduced. 
25. Missiles were fired. The targets were the dean and bishop of the cathedral.
26. The Prayer Book riots were just the fuse.   
27. British Wars began in 1637
28. Parliament gathered again by James I of England.
29. Covenant (the Scottish)
• Document which subjects signed
• Determines who was and wasn't Christian
• Charles thought they should all be punished. 
• Signed a truce to try to prevent war with the Scottish 
30. The 1640 parliament picked up exactly where it left off in 1629 when Charles had put it down. 
31. This parliament lasted only 3 weeks before Charles once again suspended it. 
32. Thomas Wentworth 
• Was made Earl of Stratford by Charles
• Wentworth was Catholic and led a Catholic army. 
33. The fighting with the Scots was  a disaster.  
34. Charles needed cash fast to recover. 
35. He had to reopen parliament. 
36. The people wanted parliament to be elected every 3 years, no parliament could be dissolved without it's own consent, and no taxes could be made without approval by parliament. 
37. When Charles agreed it was the end of the absolute monarchy. Or was it?
38. Charles needed to kill Stratford to save himself from upheaval. 
39. Stratford understood this.  He was beheaded in order to save Charles. 
40. With Stratford executed Irish Catholics felt unprotected against Protestant reprisals. 
41. They attacked first to avoid being attacked. 
42. Both sides were moving fast past any point of reconciliation. 
English Civil War
43. During the spring and summer of 1642 people had to decide which side to take in the war and how to justify their decision. 
44. By the time the royalist army arrived at hill their prospects had grown. 
45. The royalists were commanded by Prince Rupert. 
46. Roundheads = English middle class
• Merchants that need to make sure they won't lose what they have. 
47. Cavaliers = nobility and peasantry 
• Peasants sided with nobles because they would always be peasants and they had nothing to lose except their employers (the nobles). 
48. Oliver Cromwell
• 1644-1645 made a new kind of army
• used discipline in exchange for food and supplies. 
• defeated the royal army. 
• Charles still didn't want to share power after the war was over. 
• tried to reverse his defeat and turn other parties (Scots, Parliament, military) against each other. 
• Cromwell knew that Charles needed to die. 
49. A second civil war began. 
• Cromwell's supporters had no desire to go back to lords and gentlemen.
50. The trial and execution of Charles I in a sense creates modern Britain. 
51. 1649: Charles is executed. 
Review
52. 1603: the end of the Tudor line and beginning of the Stuart line. 
53. James believed in the Divine right of Kings. 
• power in the monarchy came directly from God.
54. James fought with parliament, especially the Puritan members. 
55. James preferred the hierarchy of bishops that continued in the Anglican Church. He needed the hierarchy of bishops to maintain control over England. 
56. When James I dies, his son, Charles I, becomes king.
57. Like his father, he believes in the Divine Right of King, needs money, supports Anglican Church, and is against Puritans. 
58. In 1628 Charles signs the Petition of Rights. 
• No one should be compelled to pay any tax or loan without the consent of parliament. 
• No one can be put into prison without the due process of law. 
59. Signs it in return for money.
60. William Laud (Archbishop of Canterbury) wants to turn Church of England into a non-papal Catholic Church. 
61. Laud wants the Bishopry and hierarchy of the Catholic Church, but he doesn't want the pope. 
62. In 1639 Laud tries to impose the English book of prayer onto the Scottish Presbyterians.
63. Called the Prayer Book Riot
64. Scottish didn't appreciate that, and a war starts. 
65. Charles needs funding for this war.
66. 1640-1648 we have the Long Parliament.
• Charles reluctantly calls parliament back into session. 
• This causes a constitutional and religious crisis.  
• Tries to undo  Charles' royal tyranny
• Executes William Laud
• Makes laws to limit royal power.

DBQ Format Quiz

1. What is the range of scores for a DBQ?
1. 0-9
2. If a DBQ answer does not have a thesis statement, what is the highest score you can get?
1. 6
3. If you have 12 documents, what is the bare minimum of documents you must cite in your DBQ?
1. 7
4. Explain what bias is.
1. Bias is how a document may be influenced by certain views.
5. Explain what groupings mean.
1. Groupings mean
6. What would a citation look like for Document 5?
1. (Document 5)

Exploration Notes

1. Prince Henry the Navigator
2. Bartholomew Diaz
3. Vasco da Gama
4. Pedro Cabral
5. Christopher Columbus
6. Hernando Cortes
7. Francisco Pizarro
8. Trading Posts
• Goa (Port in India)
• Malacca
• Macao

Thirty Years War Notes

1. In 1618 war broke out between the Protestant Union and Catholic League
2. 1618-1625: Bohemian Phase
• Ferdinand II (Catholic) vs. Frederick V (Protestants)
• Ferdinand wins
3. 1625-1629: Danish Phase
• King Christian IV of Denmark with the support of the Dutch and English intervened to support the Protestants
• Dutch were the Calvinists.  They lived in the northern part of the Netherlands.  Catholics lived in the south.  Spain supported them.
• Albert Wallenstein was against Christian IV of Denmark
• Albert Wallenstein is in charge of the Holy Roman Empire's armies
• On the Catholic side
• Wallenstein destroys the Protestant forces
• Ferdinand issues the Edict of Restitution
• Restores property to any and all Catholics
4. The Swedish Phase: 1630-1635
• The Protestants have lost two rounds to the Catholics
• Their Dutch allies and French allies turn to Gustavus Adolphus
• King of Sweden
• Defeats Wallenstein's forces (Catholics) in a series of battles
5. The French Phase: 1635-1648
• Gustavus Adolphus dies and when he dies France sees that the Protestants really need reinforcement
• Now the French, Dutch, and Swedish along with the Protestants are against the Catholics
• Peace of Westphalia (1648)
• All of the parties involved sent diplomats to meet and come to a conclusion
• Provisions of the treaty
• Each of the individual principalities in the Holy Roman Empire in Germany was given the right to make its own peace treaties and its own diplomacy with other countries
• The rulers were allowed to establish religion in their own areas; Calvinism is accepted
• The independence of the Dutch republic and the neutrality of Switzerland are recognized
• Switzerland is neutral and will not go to war because they were beat so bad and devastated by the Thirty Years War
6. The French annexed part of Alsace
7. Consequences of Thirty Years War
• Germany was devastated
• As many as 1/3 of the German people were killed
• The Treaty of Westphalia does nothing to unify Germany
• Germany remains an amalgamation of principalities
• If there was a winner, it would be France
• France will be the dominant power in Europe for a long time after this
8. In 1618 war breaks out between the Protestant Union and Catholic League
• Holy Roman Empire is split in 2 between Catholics and Protestants.
9. Phases of the 30 Years War
10. 1618-1625: Bohemian Phase
• This began as a civil war between Catholics and Protestants in the region of Bohemia in Germany. 
• Catholic were led by Ferdinand II
• Protestants were led by Frederick IV
• Catholic forces win.
• Catholics and Habsburgs take control over Bohemia. 
11. 1625-1629: Danish Phase
• King Christian IV of Denmark (Lutheran) with the support of Dutch and English intervened to support the Protestants. 
• Dutch were the Calvinists. They lived in the northern part of the Netherlands. Catholics lived in the south. Spain supported them.
• Christian IV of Denmark vs. Albert Wallenstein (Catholic) 
• Wallenstein was the general in charge of the Holy Roman Empire's armies. 
•  Wallenstein destroys the Protestant forces. 
• Catholics are 2:0
• Ferdinand issues the Edict of Restitution 
• This restores to the Catholics any property that they had lost to the Protestants up to that point. 
12. 1630-1635: Swedish Phase
• Protestants have lost 2 rounds to the Catholics. 
• Protestants, Dutch allies, and French allies turn to Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden. 
• He is charismatic, big and bold, and brash. 
• Adolphus defeats Wallenstein's forces (Catholics)
• He does this in a series of battles that cause the Catholics to not be able to become unified. 
13. 1635-1648: French Phase
• Gustavus Adolphus dies.  
• France sees that the Protestants need reinforcements now because they no longer have the Swedish.
• Now the French, Dutch, leftover Swedes, and Protestants are against the Catholic Germans. 
• Peace of Westphalia (1648)
• All of the parties involved send diplomats to bring the war to a conclusion.
• Provisions of the treaty:
• 1. Each of the independent German principalities of the Holy Roman Empire was given the right to have it's own peace treaties and its own diplomacy with other countries. 
• 2. Rulers were allowed to establish religion in their own areas and Calvinism was accepted. 
• 3. The independence of the Dutch Republic is formally recognized. The neutrality of Switzerland is formally recognized, which continues to this day. This is written into their constitution and this is why they did not take part in WWII. 
• The Swiss wrote this in because they were beaten so badly during the 30 Years War. 
• The French annexed part of Alsace. 
14. No side won the 30 Years War. 
15. The treaties and boundaries that were set-up basically construct what we know as modern Europe. 
16. Consequences of the 30 Years War
• Germany was devastated. 
• As many as 1/3 of the German people were killed. 
• The Treaty of Westphalia does nothing to unify Germany.
• If there was a winner, it would be France.
• France will be the dominant power in Europe for a long time after this.
17. The Vatican basically uses the largest Catholic countries during this time period as pawns for their war against the Protestants.