Restoration England Notes

1. The Stuart line was being restored after Cromwell
• Cromwell died
• His son tries to claim power and was not a strong leader
2. Charles I is executed and Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England
3. Cromwell dies and Charles II is brought of exile
• Charles II is restored to the throne
4. Cromwell called himself a seeker
• He wanted God's destiny for himself and his country
5. Cromwell sensed that God had a special service for him
6. He went to war as a complete novice
7. He had an aura of invincibility
8. Charles was an imperishable martyr
9. Charles II was waiting for his call from exile in France
10. Cromwell led the New Model Army
11. Oliver got a degree in law at Oxford
12. Cromwell murdered 3,000 royalist soldiers
13. Cromwell treated Ireland like a primitive colony
14. Charles II was invited to be Ireland's king
15. Charles II ran away after a battle until he could be smuggled out of the country
16. When Cromwell came back to London he was an English Caesar
17. Cromwell turned Great Britain into a republic
18. Parliament and Cromwell were against each other.  Cromwell accused Parliament of being unjust
• He called in the musketeers and Parliament was shut down
19. Cromwell could have ceased power but he wasn't working for himself he was working for God
20. Cromwell was king in all but name
21. His hope was for a settling
22. He did not know which direction to take the country
23. Cromwell let his major generals go to work
24. Jews were allowed to live and worship freely
25. Cromwell could never feel worthy
• This is what saved England from a dictatorship
26. September 3, 1668: Cromwell died
27. Cromwell wanted a quiet life for everyone in England
28. George Monk: a royalist in the civil war
• Knew that the only person who could take Cromwell's place was a new king
29. Charles II came to the throne because Cromwell needed a successor
30. People were joyful for Charles II's return
31. January 30, 1661: Cromwell and the tyrannicides were taken from their tombs and hanged, drawn, and quartered
32. 1664, a comet appeared in the sky
• Most people thought the apocalypse was coming
• The bubonic plague soon followed
• 1/6 of the population perished
33. Fire of London
• 1666
• A fire started in a bakery
• Spread through the streets
• 10,000 houses burned at once

Test Results

51 Correct
50/50

Test part 2

48.  Henry the Navigator

49.  Christopher Columbus

50.  Colombian Exchange

51.  Religion

52.  Mercantilism

53.  Joint-stock company

54.  Catholicism

55.  False

56. 

57.  East India Trading Company

58.  no

59.  Johann Sebastian Bach

60.  Middle class

61.  House of Commons

62.  Anglican

63.  Stuart

64.  Presbyterian

65.  1603-1625

66.  Divine Right of Kings

67.  Puritan

68.  Petition of Rights

69.  William Laud

70.  Scotland

71.  Cavaliers

72.  Roundheads

73.  Oliver Cromwell

74. 

75.  Lord Protector

76.  Puritans

77.  Thomas Wentworth

78. 

79.  Thomas Hobbes

Test

1. Martin Luther
2. 95 Theses
3. Habsburg
4. Versailles Chapel
5. Freebie: October 31, 1517
6. faith
7. the Bible
8. Catholic Hierarchy
9. the king
10. true
11. German nobility
12. Anglican
13. Catholicism
14. Peace of Augsburg
15. Luther was a religious revolutionary because he helped spark the Protestant Reformation with his 95 Theses.
16. Luther was a political conservative because he believed that people should follow their king even if he was unjust.
17. John Calvin
18. London, England
19. freebie: Luther
20. Huguenots
21. Henry VIII
22. Elizabeth I
23. Anabaptists
24. Pope Julius I
25. Council of Trent
26. False
27. Jerusalem Bible
28. Loyola
29. help the poor
30. 16th Century
31. Michelangelo
32. Phillip
33. Spanish Armada
34. St. Batholomew's Day Massacre
35. Edict of Nantes
36. 300
37. Peace of Augsburg
38. Protestant Union
39. Catholic League
40. Catholic
41. Catholic
42. Catholic League: Ferdinand II; Protestant Union: Frederick II
43. Gustavus Adolphus
44. Peace of Westphalia
45. Alsace
46. Germany
47. France
48. 
    

Stuart England Notes

1. Puritans
• Declared war against any signs of Romanism in the Church
• People who didn't believe the same thing had their ears cut off.
2. The British Wars began in 1637
3. Parliament gathered again by James I of England
• Lasted only 3 weeks
4. Thomas Wentworth
• Earl of Stratford
• He was beheaded
• Charles was forced to abandon Thomas and allow this to happen
5. British Civil War
• Parliament was defeated
6. In 1643 an alliance was created between Parliament and the Scots
7. Charles was incapable of being a constitutional king
8. Oliver Cromwell
• 1644-1645 made a new kind of army
• Used discipline in exchange for food and supplies
• Oliver decided that king would have to die in order for the country to heal
• The trial and execution of Charles I creates modern Britain
9.  James I comes from Scotland and becomes King after Queen Elizabeth I (1603)
• A believer in the divine right of kings
• Power came directly from God
• Fought with Parliament: particularly puritan members
• Preferred the hierarchy of bishops in the Anglican church
• When he dies his son becomes king Charles I (1625)
10. Charles I
• Against Puritans
• In 1628, signs the Petition of Rights in return for money
• No one should be compelled to pay a tax or loan that is not approved by Parliament
• No one can be put into prison without the due process of law
11. Religion in the 17th century was an essential issue
• William Laud wants to turn the Church of England into a Catholic Church that doesn't follow the Pope
• The Puritans want no hierarchy or hints of Catholicism
12. In 1639, Laud tries to impose the English book of prayer onto the Scottish Presbyterians
• Caused the Prayer Book Riot
• The Scots determined that no Englishman was going to tell them what to do so they put together an army and occupied southern England
• Charles needed to raise money for this war
13. 1640-1648 Long Parliament
• Charles recalls Parliament back into session
• Causes a constitutional and religious crisis
• Parliament goes out of its way to try to undermine what they see as tyranny under Charles I
• They execute William Laud and create laws limiting the power of the King
14. The Puritans declared war against signs of Romanism in the church. 
15. Nobody noticed that Charles was married to a Catholic.
16.  William Laud was made archbishop of Canterbury in 1633. 
17. Laud was presenting his program as an order
18. If people tried to defy him, then they had to suffer the consequences. 
19. By the mid 1630's Charles could see no obstacle in his way of making the 3 kingdoms in harmony. 
20. Charles was Scottish. 
21. Charles had become Scotland's very first absentee king and there would be a price to pay. 
22. He believed that if one kingdom had bent to his will then the others would as well. 
23. The British wars began on July 23, 1637 in Edinburgh. 
24. People were angry with the prayer book that Charles had introduced. 
25. Missiles were fired. The targets were the dean and bishop of the cathedral.
26. The Prayer Book riots were just the fuse.   
27. British Wars began in 1637
28. Parliament gathered again by James I of England.
29. Covenant (the Scottish)
• Document which subjects signed
• Determines who was and wasn't Christian
• Charles thought they should all be punished. 
• Signed a truce to try to prevent war with the Scottish 
30. The 1640 parliament picked up exactly where it left off in 1629 when Charles had put it down. 
31. This parliament lasted only 3 weeks before Charles once again suspended it. 
32. Thomas Wentworth 
• Was made Earl of Stratford by Charles
• Wentworth was Catholic and led a Catholic army. 
33. The fighting with the Scots was  a disaster.  
34. Charles needed cash fast to recover. 
35. He had to reopen parliament. 
36. The people wanted parliament to be elected every 3 years, no parliament could be dissolved without it's own consent, and no taxes could be made without approval by parliament. 
37. When Charles agreed it was the end of the absolute monarchy. Or was it?
38. Charles needed to kill Stratford to save himself from upheaval. 
39. Stratford understood this.  He was beheaded in order to save Charles. 
40. With Stratford executed Irish Catholics felt unprotected against Protestant reprisals. 
41. They attacked first to avoid being attacked. 
42. Both sides were moving fast past any point of reconciliation. 
English Civil War
43. During the spring and summer of 1642 people had to decide which side to take in the war and how to justify their decision. 
44. By the time the royalist army arrived at hill their prospects had grown. 
45. The royalists were commanded by Prince Rupert. 
46. Roundheads = English middle class
• Merchants that need to make sure they won't lose what they have. 
47. Cavaliers = nobility and peasantry 
• Peasants sided with nobles because they would always be peasants and they had nothing to lose except their employers (the nobles). 
48. Oliver Cromwell
• 1644-1645 made a new kind of army
• used discipline in exchange for food and supplies. 
• defeated the royal army. 
• Charles still didn't want to share power after the war was over. 
• tried to reverse his defeat and turn other parties (Scots, Parliament, military) against each other. 
• Cromwell knew that Charles needed to die. 
49. A second civil war began. 
• Cromwell's supporters had no desire to go back to lords and gentlemen.
50. The trial and execution of Charles I in a sense creates modern Britain. 
51. 1649: Charles is executed. 
Review
52. 1603: the end of the Tudor line and beginning of the Stuart line. 
53. James believed in the Divine right of Kings. 
• power in the monarchy came directly from God.
54. James fought with parliament, especially the Puritan members. 
55. James preferred the hierarchy of bishops that continued in the Anglican Church. He needed the hierarchy of bishops to maintain control over England. 
56. When James I dies, his son, Charles I, becomes king.
57. Like his father, he believes in the Divine Right of King, needs money, supports Anglican Church, and is against Puritans. 
58. In 1628 Charles signs the Petition of Rights. 
• No one should be compelled to pay any tax or loan without the consent of parliament. 
• No one can be put into prison without the due process of law. 
59. Signs it in return for money.
60. William Laud (Archbishop of Canterbury) wants to turn Church of England into a non-papal Catholic Church. 
61. Laud wants the Bishopry and hierarchy of the Catholic Church, but he doesn't want the pope. 
62. In 1639 Laud tries to impose the English book of prayer onto the Scottish Presbyterians.
63. Called the Prayer Book Riot
64. Scottish didn't appreciate that, and a war starts. 
65. Charles needs funding for this war.
66. 1640-1648 we have the Long Parliament.
• Charles reluctantly calls parliament back into session. 
• This causes a constitutional and religious crisis.  
• Tries to undo  Charles' royal tyranny
• Executes William Laud
• Makes laws to limit royal power.

DBQ Format Quiz

1. What is the range of scores for a DBQ?
1. 0-9
2. If a DBQ answer does not have a thesis statement, what is the highest score you can get?
1. 6
3. If you have 12 documents, what is the bare minimum of documents you must cite in your DBQ?
1. 7
4. Explain what bias is.
1. Bias is how a document may be influenced by certain views.
5. Explain what groupings mean.
1. Groupings mean
6. What would a citation look like for Document 5?
1. (Document 5)

Exploration Notes

1. Prince Henry the Navigator
2. Bartholomew Diaz
3. Vasco da Gama
4. Pedro Cabral
5. Christopher Columbus
6. Hernando Cortes
7. Francisco Pizarro
8. Trading Posts
• Goa (Port in India)
• Malacca
• Macao