Terms, Places, and People

1. Principalities of Milan, Florence, and Venice
2. England was ruled by monarchical families
3. Quattrocento is fifteenth century Italy
• Rulers: Giovanni, Cosimo, Lorenzo
• Artists: Giotto- wall painting, Donatello- sculpting, Brunelleschi- engineer of the dome of Florence Cathedral and invented perspective, Leonardo da Vinci- Botticelli- classical and pagan myths, Michelangelo- Sistine Chapel, St. Peter's Cathedral, Raphael- painter
4. Renaissance
• Celebrating the individual in painting- individualization
• Scholarship and the love of classical learning
• Secularization- less revolved around religion
5. Humanism
• Courtiers were the people in the nobility within the court of the princes that Machiavelli talks about
• Baldassare Castiglione- writes "The Book of the Courtier"
6. In 1494, Charles VIII of France invades Italy with the hope of conquering Naples
7. King Ferdinand II of Spain contest Charles VIII's claims to Naples
8. The war that resulted was called Habsburg Valois or the Italian War of 1521-1526
9. Niccolo Machiavelli is considered the founder of modern political science
• The purpose of writing "The Prince" was in memory of Lorenzo Medici
• The historical context is the Italian War of 1521-1526
• He wrote about what would make the Italian cities strong and unified again
• The 3 most important things princes needed to know
• Approach their relations with people from the pessimistic view of society
• Because human nature is selfish and greedy, a prince has to be able to manipulate people and use situations to get his own ulterior motives
• A prince must be both ruthless and pragmatic (seeing everything from a political standpoint)
10. In England there was feudalization, but in Italy there was movement between social orders
11. Oration on the Dignity of Man- Pico della Mirandola