1348 Notes

• Rise of nationalism in England is countered by a rise of nationalism in France and war breaks out
• The Plague breaks out
• Killed over a million Europeans
• Came from infected fleas hidden in rats and other things
• It began in the plains of central Asia
• Spread quickly in to mainland Europe
• It only took six days for the pain and disease to set in once bitten by the infected flea
• The youngest, oldest, and poorest died first then everyone else
• The bigger the city the greater the shot
• 300 died every day
• People were dumped into mass pits as graves

• Edward III's kingdom was passed down to his son Richard

Scotland: William Wallace and Robert the Bruce

The English really did not like the Scots.  They viewed the Scotts as lower than them, and they wanted to be in control of the Scots.

The English captured William Wallace at the Battle of Falkirk and brutally killed him.  Wallace is thought of as a national hero in Scotland for leading a fight against the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.

Robert the Bruce is also known as a national hero for being the King of Scotland and keeping Scotland from falling into English rule.  The Scottish despised being under English rule because the were treated so poorly.  The Scottish generally thought of themselves very highly.

In the Declaration of Arbroath, the Scottish say that if Robert the Bruce stopped protecting them from English rule, they would drive him out as an enemy.  They said that they would find someone else who could take his place, and as long as there were Scottish people remaining alive they would fight to the death to avoid English rule.

Scotland Notes

1. William Wallace
• Battle of Stirling Bridge was the most important battle of William Wallace
• Most famous Scotsman of all time
• Never paid homage to King Edward
• The first great freedom fighter for Scotland
2. Robert the Bruce
• Had himself inaugurated as King
• Regained his kingdom after seven years
• Defeated Edward II
3. 1315 was the worst famine in history
• People resorted to digging up fresh graves and eating the decaying bodies
4. People preferred to die rather than live under English rule
5. Scots won English recognition of their independent nation

England Notes

1. English Dynasties
• Saxon
• Viking
• Norman (1066)
• Brought French culture and literature
• Latin language and Christianity
• All laws were written in French
• William gained knowledge to all of the customs
• Recorded in the Domesday Book
• Plantagenet
• Ruled England for over 300 years 1154-1485
• AP test starts when the Plantagenets are at the end of their reign
• Henry II- tried to imperialize, feudal kingships, burned bridges with other countries
• Purpose is to gain back land lost in England
• English foreign relations will be based on the rulers of the other countries rather than the needs of the country
• The Welsh and Scotts fought for their independence
• Richard I
• Mostly away fighting the Crusades
• They were in the Holy Land pushing back the Islamic fighters
• Jerusalem and Constantinople were most fought over cities
• The Third Crusade Richard went up against Saladin and lost
• People were forced to give up English internationalism
• The English themselves were forced to look inward
• Gain of nationalism/loss of internationalism
• Considered good as opposed to John
• John was forced to sign the Magna Carta
• The king was subjected to the same laws as everyone else
• Took away power from the king and gave more to the barons
• Set up the modern Parliamentary system in England
• Must memorize the Plantagenet timeline
• Henry II
• Richard I and King John
• John signs Magna Carta
• Henry III
• Son of King John
• Known for a new look of England
• Edward I
• Son of Henry III
• Conquered Wales
• Most successful in battles against the Scotts
• Known as the Hammer of the Scotts
• Two great Scottish heroes- William Wallace and Robert the Bruce
• Edward II
• Son of Edward I
• Edward III
• Son of Edward II
• Richard II
• Son of Edward III
• Henry IV
• Son of Richard II
• Henry V
• Son of Henry IV

1066 Notes

1. 1066 Battle of Hastings- William the Conqueror defeats King Harold of England
2. The Domesday Book- survey of everything that was in England at the time that William took charge
3. Crusades began in the 12th century
4. The Norman aristocracy spoke French- all of their laws were written in French
5. English is a Germanic language
6. Literature written before the Norman aristocracy in English would not be intelligible today
7. Balliol, Bruce, and Wallace families in Scottish medieval history
8. Irish had to deal with Viking raids
9. England begins to look more inward after 1200
• The Crusades had been a bad idea
10. Treaty of Paris (1259)
• 200 years after the Norman invasion, Henry is forced to sign this treaty which gives up every English right to Norman land
11. Marriage itself becomes a political tool among the European monarchies and aristocrats
12. During the reign of Henry III many closer links with France
• "Englishness" is more evident
13. Edward I become king in the last quarter of the 13th century
• Financial organization in England becomes centralized
14. "Rebellions in Wales are testament to some Welshmen's continuing struggle for independence."

England: Questions on Monarchy in the Later Middle Ages

What does the reign of Henry II suggest about the future of English foreign relations?

Henry II was very cautious and he was constantly trying to seize control of another country at the most convenient point so he would not lose and only gain from it.  He began what would be Great Britain's imperialism.  Henry II pursued feudalism which established the guidelines by which England would react with surrounding countries, such as; France, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.  These guidelines would affect the countries for basically the rest of history.

Does the common conception of Richard as 'good' and John as 'bad' hold up to reality?

Richard was not necessarily good and John was not necessarily bad.  Richard was popular because he was a warrior king and he would risk his life to defeat an enemy.  John had an inability to trust in anyone other than himself, and he also displayed cowardice when it came the time for him to fight.  John always took the opportunity to "kick a man when he was down."  These things made Richard a more popular King, and John a less popular, disliked King.

How did the Magna Carta change the relationship of the Monarch and his subjects?

The Magna Carta tied Kings to the law of the land.  They could no longer find loopholes in the customs of feudal society.  The King was also tied to a council of twenty-five members that ensured he cooperated with the Magna Carta.

Family Histories

Herodotus’ Writing Style

This is the story of when my parents met and got married, as told to me by grandparents, aunts, uncles, and my parents themselves. It is also the story of how my brother, Michael, and I were born and baptized. This story will trace back around thirty years ago in Baltimore, Maryland where my parents first met as young teenagers. It will also follow the course of their dating, engagement, and marriage. After a few years of their marriage, they celebrated my birth and later the birth of my younger brother, Michael.

My dad’s name is Michael (Mike) Sanphillipo, and he is the youngest of four children. He has two older sisters and an older brother; from oldest to youngest their names are Mary Ann, Catherine (Cathy), and Joseph (Joe). When my dad was eleven his mom died, and because his older siblings had already moved out, he and his dad moved into a house in my mom’s neighborhood. My mom’s name is Gina Pasquariello, and she has three siblings. She has one older brother and a younger brother and sister; from oldest to youngest their names are Anthony (Tony), Michael, and Christina (Chrissy).

According to my Aunt Mary Ann and Aunt Chrissy, when my dad was a young teenager he met and began to hang out with my Uncle Tony and my Uncle Michael. Because my dad did not have any siblings left at home, he spent a lot of time at my mom’s house with my Uncle Tony and Uncle Michael. He ate there, slept there, and even attended family vacations; he really was like an adopted son of my mom’s parents. According to my Granny (my maternal grandmother), after a few years, my mom and dad started to like each other after being friends for so long. They went on a few dates, but they remained friends until their early twenties when they began seriously dating. My Aunt Chrissy told me that my dad informed my mom’s parents that he was going to ask my mom to marry him. He asked my Aunt Chrissy to help him pick out the engagement ring. My dad said that he proposed to my mom in August of 1990 by bringing my mom a dozen roses and putting the ring in one of the roses.

My parents were married on October 12, 1991. According to my parents, they were married in Saint Brigid’s Church by Father Joe Bochenek. They celebrated mass together with lots of family and friends. I have heard from family members who attended the wedding that it was a beautiful, traditional Catholic wedding. My dad told me that they held the wedding reception at the Sheraton Hotel in BWI Airport. They celebrated with a traditional father-daughter dance as well as the bride and groom’s first formal dance together. My dad told me that after hours of celebrating, they went on a honeymoon for four days in Disney World and a three day cruise to Nassau in the Bahamas.

After about three and a half years of being married, my mom became pregnant with me. My parents spent months of planning and could not wait for me to be born. My parents told me that I was born six and a half weeks early in Mercy Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland on May 11, 1995. I only weighed 5 pounds 3.4 ounces and I was nineteen and a quarter inches in length. Because I was born so premature I had jaundice and had to spend a week in the Mercy Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). According to my parents, I was baptized a few months after I came home from the hospital in August of 1995. I was baptized at Saint Brigid’s Church, and my Aunt Mary Ann told me that Father Joe held me up in the air like the lion in The Lion King after I was baptized.

My parents waited about three years before having another baby. My parents were so excited that I would have a younger sibling. My parents told me that my brother was born two weeks early in Mercy Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland on February 19, 1998. He weighed 9 pounds 11.6 ounces and he was twenty-one and a quarter inches in length. According to my parents, he was baptized in July of 1998 at Saint Brigid’s Church. This is the complete story of how my family came into being.

Thucydides’ Writing Style

This is the story of when Michael (Mike) Sanphillipo and Gina Pasquariello met and got married as recorded in documents, photos, and videos. It is also the story of how their children, Allison and Michael, were born and baptized. This story will trace back around thirty years in Baltimore, Maryland where Mike and Gina first met as young teenagers. It will also follow the course of their dating, engagement, and marriage. After a few years of their marriage, they celebrated the birth of their daughter, Allison and later their son, Michael.

According to www.myheritage.com, Mike Sanphillipo is the youngest of four children. He has two older sisters and an older brother; from oldest to youngest their names are Mary Ann, Catherine (Cathy), and Joseph (Joe). In 1977, when Mike was eleven his mom died, and because his older siblings had already moved out, he and his dad moved into a house in Gina’s neighborhood. Gina Pasquariello is the second oldest out of four. She has one older brother and a younger brother and sister; from oldest to youngest their names are Anthony (Tony), Michael, and Christina (Chrissy).

According to family pictures, when Mike was a young teenager he met and began to hang out with Tony and Michael. Because Mike did not have any siblings left at his home, he spent a lot of time at Gina’s house with Tony and Michael. He ate there, slept there, and even attended family vacations; he really was like an adopted son of Gina’s parents. According to some other family pictures, after a few years, Mike and Gina started to like each other after being friends for such a long time. They went on a few dates, but they remained friends until their early twenties when they began seriously dating. Mike informed Gina’s parents that he was going to ask her to marry him. He asked Chrissy to help him pick out the engagement ring. Mike proposed to Gina in August of 1990 by bringing her a dozen roses and putting the ring in one of the roses.

According to their wedding license, Mike and Gina were married on October 12, 1991. According to their wedding video and pictures, they were married in Saint Brigid’s Church by Father Joe Bochenek. They celebrated mass together with lots of family and friends. Pictures showed that it was a beautiful, traditional Catholic wedding. Pictures also showed that they held the wedding reception at the Sheraton Hotel in BWI Airport. They celebrated with a traditional father-daughter dance as well as the bride and groom’s first formal dance together. According to family pictures, after hours of celebrating, they went on a honeymoon for four days in Disney World and a three day cruise to Nassau in the Bahamas.

According to Allison’s birth certificate as well as family pictures, after about three and a half years of being married, Gina became pregnant with a baby girl. Gina and Mike spent months of planning and could not wait for Allison to be born. Allison’s birth certificate stated that she was born six and a half weeks early in Mercy Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland on May 11, 1995. She only weighed 5 pounds 3.4 ounces and she was nineteen and a quarter inches in length. Because she was born so premature, she had jaundice and had to spend a week in the Mercy Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). According to Allison’s Certificate of Baptism as well as pictures, she was baptized on August 13, 1995 at Saint Brigid’s Church.

Gina and Mike waited about three years before having another baby. They were so excited that Allison would have a younger sibling. Michael’s birth certificate as well as family pictures told that he was born two weeks early in Mercy Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland on February 19, 1998. He weighed 9 pounds 11.6 ounces and he was twenty-one and a quarter inches in length. According to Michael’s Certificate of Baptism and family pictures, he was baptized on July 5, 1998 at Saint Brigid’s Church. This is the complete story of how the Sanphillipo family came into being.

Works Cited

http://www.myheritage.com/site-family-tree-117224141/sanphillipo-family-tree

Gina and Mike Sanphillipo Wedding Video

Gina and Mike Sanphillipo Wedding Certificate

Allison Sanphillipo Birth Certificate

Allison Sanphillipo Baptism Certificate

Michael Sanphillipo Birth Certificate

Michael Sanphillipo Baptism Certificate

Allison Sanphillipo as a baby

Allison Sanphillipo- baptism

Gina and Mike Sanphillipo- wedding