Industrial Revolution

• 1760-1850
• ancestors of the Industrial Revolution were the scientific thinkers of the Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution
• new technologies result in new forms of production
• increased production, efficiency, commerce
• exponential growth in technologies
• many of the conditions were interrelated
• ability to distribute supply in an efficient manner
• agricultural occupied a a major position
• it was rooted in the sustainability of the population
• source of raw material for the textile industry
• manufacture of cloth increased
• produced economic competition for capitalism
• sturdier farm implements; made of metal
• as the supply rose, so does the population
• great move of workers from rural areas to cities
• not as many workers needed on farms
• people needed to invent and make new technologies
• textiles
• used to occur in homes: cottage industry
• tedious process
• a spinning jenny was created to make thread
• one person can do what i used to take dozens to do
• in 20 years nearly 20,000 spinning jennys were being used in England
• this completely changes the capacity of the country to produce materials
• there are no rules governing workers' rights
• there is no limit on how long you can work in a day
• children can be made to work full shifts in factories
• enormous rise in children in factories
• exploitation
• safety conditions go down
• no healthcare system
• coal mining
• the working conditions for miners were nearly suicidal
• extremely dangerous
• mining capacity increases, more homes and factories are using coal
• it's expanding on itself
• iron industry
• pig iron- smelted with coke
• transportation
• railroads- carry materials from one place to another
• more capacity to move things
• things can move faster
• canal systems
• can send things up and down river
• changed everything with distribution of goods
• many people worked with railroads in the beginning
• George Stevenson
• first public rail cars designed to move passengers around
• too expensive to maintain
• people liked the idea
• trade and distribution between cities
• world cities beginning to develop
• steam engine
• main reasons population grew in Europe in the 18th century
• decline in death rate
• increase in birth rate
• elimination of plague diseases
• food production
• factory jobs paid better wages than that of a farm
• offers more social mobility
• allowed people to marry younger, children born earlier
• old system of apprenticeship is gone
• machines do the job for you
• middle class size increases
• towns are created because of factories
• capital and labor
• capital: the amount of money you have to invest into something